Thursday, October 09, 2008

Yom Kippur

Did you know that Kippur (כפר, atonement) as in Yom Kippur and Shofar (שפר, as in blowing of) are not Hebrew words originally, but derive probably from Babylonian, picked up during the 50 years that the Israelites spent in exile there. Of course, only a minority of them returned with Ezra and Nehemiah to re-found the independent Jewish state of Judea. Similarly, the months of the year, Nissan, Iyar, Sivan, etc... are not Hebrew names but are also derived from the Exile period. This is a common feature of languages, for example, the months in English are derived from Latin, but are mixed up, for example September is not the seventh month but the ninth, October is not the eighth month but the tenth, November is not the ninth month, but the eleventh, while December is not the tenth but the twelth.
While I was reading the siddur during the Kol Nidre service (the only time that I attend shool regularly each year), I noticed that the word to "trangress" comes up often (not surprisingly) and is written as "avarnu" or עברנו (we have transgressed or sinned). I was familiar with this word, not because I have sinned, but from soccer. When a player makes a "foul" in Hebrew that is called an "averah" עבירה or a sin/transgression.
Oddly enough this word is a derivation from a fundamental word in Hebrew, namely to cross-over or transfer, a word which was applied in the Bible to Abraham when he crossed-over the Euphrates river from the Land of Ur (in what is now Iraq) to the Land of Israel and became a Hebrew, and this word is עבר to cross-over So this word was applied to his descendents, those that crossed-over, or עברי (ivri) from which we derive the name for the Hebrew language עברית (ivrit).
I am beginning to sound like a rabbi, so I must quickly stop.

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